Of all the diseases of the oral cavity, gum disease is the most common. It is a bacterial infection that affects the gum and underlying bone. If not properly treated, it can worsen to the point of tooth loss, caused by the loss of bone support.
The onset of this disease is caused by the accumulation of bacterial plaque in the oral cavity, especially on the teeth, between the interdental spaces and along the gum line. The reason is in most cases improper or insufficient oral hygiene.
Based on the level of severity we can classify the disease as:
- Gingivitis
- Periodontitis
The first stage of the disease, gingivitis, is determined by a progressive reddening and swelling of the gums, accompanied by mild to moderate bleeding, which occurs when cleaning the teeth. In the first moments the pain is absent or mild, which is why it is not always easy to recognize it. However, it is important to intervene promptly, as at this stage the disease is easily reversible through specific home oral hygiene tools and proper oral hygiene.
If plaque is not adequately removed and specific action is not taken on the existing gingivitis, the constant accumulation of new bacterial plaque can aggravate the situation leading to an advanced stage of the disease, called periodontitis. Here pain and bleeding increase, while erosion of the gum tissue and bone surrounding the tooth takes place, causing mobility of the tooth itself up to, in the most severe cases, its loss.
TIP
The best weapon against gum disease is definitely prevention, which should be implemented by following proper daily oral hygiene. Proper interdental hygiene, proper brushing and the use of a mouthwash for daily treatment are the essential steps for a healthy oral cavity.
If you have gingivitis, pay attention to the oral hygiene tools you use: it is advisable to use a soft-bristled toothbrush and an anti-plaque mouthwash. If you have any doubts contact your dental hygienist or dentist: they will be able to advise you on the most suitable products for your specific case.
In the presence of periodontitis, it is always important to consult your dentist or dental hygienist to agree on the most appropriate treatment.
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